Molding (decorative)

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For other uses, see Molding.

Cavetto molding and resulting shadow pattern

Ovolo molding and resulting shadow pattern

Cyma molding and resulting shadow pattern

Ogee molding and resulting shadow pattern
Molding (USA) or moulding (AUS, CAN, UK) is a strip of material with various cross sections used to cover transitions between surfaces or for decoration. It is traditionally made from solid milled wood or plaster but may be made from plastic or reformed wood. In classical architecture and sculpture, the molding is often carved in marble or other stones.
A "sprung" molding is a strip that has beveled edges, allowing it to be mounted at an angle between two non-parallel planes (such as between a wall and a ceiling). Other types of molding are referred to as "plain".
Contents
1 Theory
2 Types
3 See also
4 External links
5 References
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Theory
At their simplest, moldings are a means of applying light and dark shaded stripes to a structure or object without having to change the material or apply pigment. The contrast of dark and light areas gives definition to the object. The aesthetic function is similar to that of go-faster stripes applied to the side of a vehicle.
Imagine the vertical surface of a wall lit by sunlight at an angle of about 45 degrees above the wall. A concave cavetto molding against the wall will produce a horizontal shadow that is darker at the top and lighter at the bottom, whereas a convex ovolo molding will cause the shadow to be lighter at the top and darker at the bottom. Other concave moldings are the scotia and cong, and other convex moldings are the echinus, torus and astragal.
Placing an ovolo molding directly above a cavetto forms a smooth 'S' shaped curve with vertical ends is called an ogee or cyma reversa molding, which appears as a band that is light at the top and bottom, but dark in the interior. Similarly, a cavetto above an ovolo forms an 'S' with horizontal ends, called a cyma or cyma recta molding, appearing as two dark bands with a light interior.
Together, these basic elements and their variants form a decorative vocabulary which can be assembled and rearranged in endless combinations. This vocabulary is at the core of both Classical architecture and Gothic architecture.
Types

Moldings from 1728 Table of architecture in the Cyclopedia[1]
There are a variety of common moldings:
Astragal semi-circular molding attached to one of a pair of especially fire doors to cover the air gap where the doors meet
Baguette Thin, half-round molding, smaller than an astragal, sometimes carved, and enriched with foliages, pearls, ribbands, laurels, etc. When enriched with ornaments, it was also called chapelet.[1]
Bandelet Any little band or flat molding, which crowns a Doric architrave. It is also called a tenia.[1]
Baseboard, "base molding" or "skirting board" used at the junction of an interior wall and floor to protect the wall from impacts. The so called speed base (a 163 base cap on top of a 1x board and the Victorian base (feathered edge) are the most common baseboards.
Baton see Torus
Batten or board and batten a symmetrical molding that is placed across a joint where two parallel panels or boards meet
Bead molding narrow, half-round convex molding, when repeated forms reeding
Beading or bead molding in the form of a row of half spherical beads, larger than pearling
Other forms: Bead and leaf, bead and reel, bead and spindle
Beak Small fillet molding left on the edge of a larmier, which forms a canal, and makes a kind of pendant.[1] See also: chin-beak
Bed molding a narrow molding used at the junction of a wall and ceiling. Bed moldings can be either sprung or plain.
Bolection a moulding which is raised, projecting proud of the face frame. It is located at the intersection of the different surface levels between the frame and inset panel on a door or wood panel. It will sometimes have a rebate (or rabbet) at the back, the depth of the difference in levels, so that it can lay over the front of both the face frame and the inset panel and can in some instances thus give more space to nail the moulding to the frame, leaving the inset panel free to expand or contract in varying climates, as timber is prone to do.
Cable molding or ropework Convex molding carved in imitation of a twisted rope or cord, and used for decorative moldings of the Romanesque style in England, France and Spain and adapted for 18th century silver and furniture design (Thomas Sheraton)[2]
Cabled fluting or cable Convex circular molding sunk in the concave fluting of a classic column, and rising about one-third of the height of the shaft[1]
Casing Final trim or finished frame around the top, and both sides of a door or...(and so on)

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